This Type of Colony Is Granted by the King to a Trusted Individual, Family, or Group

A proprietary colony was a blazon of English colony by and large in North America and in the Caribbean in the 17th century. In the British Empire, all land belonged to the monarch, and information technology was his/her prerogative to carve up. Therefore, all colonial properties were partitioned by royal charter into one of 4 types: proprietary, purple, joint stock, or covenant. Under the proprietary system, individuals or companies were granted commercial charters past the monarchs of the Kingdom of England to establish colonies. These proprietors then selected the governors and other officials in the colony.

This type of indirect rule eventually fell out of favor as the colonies became established and authoritative difficulties eased. The English sovereigns sought to concentrate their power and dominance and the colonies were converted to Crown colonies, i.e. governed past officials appointed by the King, replacing the people the Rex had previously appointed and under unlike terms.

Practice [edit]

Proprietary colonies in America were governed past a lord proprietor, who, holding authority by virtue of a royal charter, usually exercised that authority virtually as an independent sovereign.^[1] These colonies were distinct from Crown colonies in that they were commercial enterprises established under authority of the crown. Proprietary governors had legal responsibilities over the colony as well as responsibilities to shareholders to ensure the security of their investments.

The proprietary organization was a mostly inefficient^{[ definition needed ]} organisation, in that the proprietors were, for the most part, like absentee landlords. ^{[ clarification needed ]} Many never even visited the colonies they endemic.^{[ citation needed ]} By the early 18th century, most all of the proprietary colonies had eithersurrendered their charters to the crown to become royal colonies, ^{[ description needed ]} or else had significant limitations placed on them past the crown.^{[ citation needed ]}

Examples [edit]

The Caribbean [edit]

• Barbados

British America colonies before the American Revolution [edit]

The provinces of Maryland, Carolina and several other colonies in the Americas were initially established nether the proprietary organization.

King Charles II used the proprietary solution to reward allies and focus his own attention on United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland itself. He offered his friends colonial charters which facilitated individual investment and colonial self-regime. The charters fabricated the proprietor the effective ruler, admitting one ultimately responsible to English Police and the King. Charles II gave the former Dutch colony New Netherlands to his younger brother The Duke of York, who established the Province of New York.^[2] He gave an surface area to William Penn who established the Province of Pennsylvania.^[three]

The British America colonies before the American Revolution consisted of 13 colonies that became states of the United states. By the time of the Revolution some had consolidated multiple grants, while others, such as conflicting claims to what became the state of Vermont and the western borders of numerous states, including New York and Virginia, too equally the sovereignty of what became the state of Maine in 1820, remained unresolved well after.

• Virginia Colony
• Province of Georgia
• Province of Due north Carolina
• Province of South Carolina
• Province of Pennsylvania
• Province of Massachusetts Bay
• Province of New Hampshire
• Colony of Rhode Isle and Providence Plantations
• Connecticut Colony
• Province of Maryland
• Province of New York
• Province of New Bailiwick of jersey
• Delaware Colony

Canada [edit]

• Newfoundland and Labrador
• Nova Scotia
• Ontario

Similar practices exterior of English dominion [edit]

Historical precedent [edit]

In medieval times, it was customary in Continental Europe for a sovereign to grant most imperial powers of authorities to the feudal lords of his border districts, so as to preclude foreign invasion. These districts or manors were often called palatinates or counties palatine, considering the lord wielded the power of the king in his palace. His power was royal in kind, but inferior in caste to that of the king.^[four]

This type of arrangement had caused many problems in Norman times for certain English language border counties. These territories were known equally counties palatine and they lasted at least in part to 1830 and for expert reason: remoteness, poor communications, governance carried out under difficult circumstances. The monarch and his or her regime, retained its usual correct to separate head and trunk, figuratively or literally, at any time. (Encounter likewise the hereditary championship marquess.)^[5]

French examples [edit]

In 1603, Henry Iv, the King of France, granted Pierre Du Gua de Monts the exclusive right to colonize lands in North America between 40°–60° North latitude. The King also gave Dugua a monopoly in the fur trade for these territories and named him Lieutenant General for Acadia and New France. In return, Dugua promised to bring 60 new colonists each year to what would be called l'Acadie. In 1607, the monopoly was revoked and the colony failed, simply in 1608, he sponsored Samuel de Champlain to open a colony at Quebec.^{[half dozen]}

The Iles Glorieuses, i.east. Glorioso Islands, were on 2 March 1880 settled and named by Frenchman Hippolyte Caltaux (b. 1847–d. 1907), who was their proprietor from and then till 1891. Simply on 23 August 1892 they were claimed for the French 3rd Republic, as part of the Indian Ocean colony of French Republic of madagascar. Caltaux over again became their proprietor from 1901 until his death in 1907. On 26 June 1960, the islands became a regular French possession, administered by the High Commissioner for Réunion. On iii Jan 2005, they were transferred to the administrators of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.

See as well [edit]

• English colonial empire
• Proprietary governor
• Proprietary Business firm
• Colonial government in the Thirteen Colonies
• Crown colony
• Commonwealth
• Lord proprietor
• Donatorio
• Quia Emptores

References [edit]

1. ^ Elson, Henry William, History of the U.s.a., The Macmillan Visitor, New York, 1904. Chapter Four
2. ^ David S. Lovejoy, "Equality and Empire The New York Charter of Liberties, 1683," William and Mary Quarterly (1964) 21#four pp. 493-515 in JSTOR.
3. ^ Joseph Eastward. Illick, "The Pennsylvania Grant: A Re-Evaluation," Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography (1962) 85#4 pp. 375-396 in JSTOR
4. ^ Osgood, H. L. American Historical Review, July, 1897, p. 644
5. ^ Martinez (2008)
6. ^ Roper (2007)

Further reading [edit]

• Martinez, Albert J. "The Palatinate Clause of the Maryland Charter, 1632-1776: From Independent Jurisdiction to Independence." American Periodical of Legal History (2008): 305–325. in JSTOR
• Mereness, Newton Dennison. Maryland as a proprietary province (1901) online
• Osgood, Herbert 50. "The Proprietary Province equally a Form of Colonial Government." Function I. American Historical Review 2 (July 1896): 644–64; Part 495. vol three (October 1897): 31–55; Part III. vol 3 (January 1898): 244–65. role ane online complimentary at JSTOR, part 3 the standard survey
• Osgood, Herbert Levi. The American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century: The Proprietary Province in Its Earliest Form, the Corporate Colonies of New England (1930)
• Osgood, Herbert Levi. The Proprietary Province in Its Later Forms (Columbia University Press, 1930)
• Roper, Louis H., and Bertrand Van Ruymbeke, eds. Amalgam Early Modern Empires: Proprietary Ventures in the Atlantic World, 1500-1750 (Brill, 2007)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_colony

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